中国科学院新疆天文台机构知识库

随着射电望远镜全可动天线的口径扩大与频段提升,天线在观测时的高电性能难以保障,必须采用机械补偿与电子补偿等手段.为确保天线的指向精度与作用距离,有必要对天线赋形反射面的空间位置与几何形状进行调整,即主动面调整,这是补偿天线电性能最有效的手段.为此,本文阐述了国内外有关主动面补偿的应用情况,总结了大型天线主动面补偿的基本原理及适用范围,详细分析了面形调整量计算、主面分块设计、促动器设计、主动面控制系统及面形检测五项关键技术,并对世界上已采用主动主反射面调整的四部大天线进行了对比讨论,最后给出了主动面补偿技术在未来大型射电望远镜天线上的研究方向.

Aperture expanding and frequency upgrading of full steerable antennas make the electrical performance of the antennas difficult to guarantee, and that radio telescopes operate in a complex environment, so it has to improve the performance by some methods like mechanical or electronic compensation. To control the pointing accuracy and the detecting distance of antennas, we must adjust the position and the surface shape of shaped reflectors, in another word, the active surface adjustment is the most effective way. Therefore, this article describes the situation and status of applications of active surface adjustment. Then, it summarizes the basic principle and the applications of active surface adjustment and particularly analyzes the key technologies which include the calculation of actuator movement, the block design of main surface, the actuator design, the active surface control system and the surface profile measuring. The comparisons among four large radio telescopes of the world are discussed, which have used active surface technology. At last, it points out some suggestions on the future research of active surface technology of large radio telescopes such as QTT.