Probing the electron-to-proton mass ratio gradient in the Milky Way with Class I methanol masers

doi:10.1093/mnras/stac024

	Probing the electron-to-proton mass ratio gradient in the Milky Way with Class I methanol masers
	Levshakov, S. A.1,2,3; Agafonova, I. I.3; Henkel, C.4,5,6 ; Kim, Kee-Tae 7,8; Kozlov, M. G.2,3; Lankhaar, B.9; Yang, W.4
	2022-02-01
Source Publication	MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
ISSN	0035-8711
Volume	511 Issue:1 Pages:413-424
Contribution Rank	6
Abstract	We estimate limits on non-universal coupling of hypothetical hidden fields to standard matter by evaluating the fractional changes in the electron-to-proton mass ratio, mu = m(e)/m(p), based on observations of Class I methanol masers distributed in the Milky Way disc over the range of the Galactocentric distances 4 less than or similar to R less than or similar to 12 kpc. The velocity offsets Delta V = V-44 - V-95 measured between the 44- and 95-GHz methanol lines provide, so far, one of the most stringent constraints on the spatial gradient k(mu)= d(Delta mu/mu)/dR < 2 x10(-9) kpc(-1) and the upper limit on Delta mu/mu <2 x 10(-8), where Delta mu/mu = (mu(obs) - mu(lab))/mu(lab). We also find that the offsets Delta V are clustered into two groups which are separated by delta(Delta V) = 0.022 +/- 0.003 km s(-1) (1 sigma confidence level). The grouping is most probably due to the dominance of different hyperfine transitions in the 44- and 95-GHz methanol maser emission. Which transition becomes favoured is determined by an alignment (polarization) of the nuclear spins of the four hydrogen atoms in the methanol molecule. This result confirms that there are preferred hyperfine transitions involved in the methanol maser action.
Keyword	elementary particles ISM: molecules masers methods: observational techniques: spectroscopic
DOI	10.1093/mnras/stac024
Indexed By	SCI
Language	英语
WOS Keyword	MAGNETIC-FIELDS ; ASTRONOMICAL MASERS ; LINEAR-POLARIZATION ; MOLECULES ; MICROWAVE ; SUBMILLIMETER ; DEPENDENCE ; DISCOVERY ; CATALOG ; STATES
Funding Project	Russian Science Foundation[19-12-00157]
WOS Research Area	Astronomy & Astrophysics
WOS Subject	Astronomy & Astrophysics
WOS ID	WOS:000770033900024
Publisher	OXFORD UNIV PRESS
Funding Organization	Russian Science Foundation
Citation statistics	Cited Times:5[WOS] [WOS Record] [Related Records in WOS]
Document Type	期刊论文
Identifier	http://ir.xao.ac.cn/handle/45760611-7/4582
Collection	射电天文研究室_恒星形成与演化研究团组
Corresponding Author	Levshakov, S. A.; Agafonova, I. I.; Henkel, C.
Affiliation	1.Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia 2.NRC Kurchatov Inst, Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188300, Leningrad Distr, Russia 3.Electrotech Univ LETI, Dept Phys, St Petersburg 197376, Russia 4.Max Planck Inst Radioastron, Auf Hugel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany 5.King Abdulaziz Univ, Dept Astron & Space Sci, POB 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia 6.Chinese Acad Sci, Xinjiang Astron Observ, Urumqi 830011, Peoples R China 7.Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst, 776 Daedeokdae Ro, Daejeon 34055, South Korea 8.Univ Sci & Technol, Korea UST, 217 Gajeong Ro, Daejeon 34113, South Korea 9.Chalmers Univ Technol, Onsala Space Observ, Dept Space Earth & Environm, S-43992 Onsala, Sweden
Corresponding Author Affilication	Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Recommended Citation GB/T 7714	Levshakov, S. A.,Agafonova, I. I.,Henkel, C.,et al. Probing the electron-to-proton mass ratio gradient in the Milky Way with Class I methanol masers[J]. MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY,2022,511(1):413-424.
APA	Levshakov, S. A..,Agafonova, I. I..,Henkel, C..,Kim, Kee-Tae.,Kozlov, M. G..,...&Yang, W..(2022).Probing the electron-to-proton mass ratio gradient in the Milky Way with Class I methanol masers.MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY,511(1),413-424.
MLA	Levshakov, S. A.,et al."Probing the electron-to-proton mass ratio gradient in the Milky Way with Class I methanol masers".MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY 511.1(2022):413-424.

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