Institutional Repository of Radio Astronomy Research Laboratory
| The International Pulsar Timing Array second data release: Search for an isotropic gravitational wave background | |
Antoniadis, J.1,2,3; Arzoumanian, Z.4; Babak, S.5,6; Bailes, M.7,8; Nielsen, A. S. B.2,9; Baker, P. T.10; Bassa, C. G.11; Becsy, B.12; Berthereau, A.13,14; Bonetti, M.15,16; Brazier, A.17; Brook, P. R.18,19; Burgay, M.20; Burke-Spolaor, S.(18,.19,21); Caballero, R. N.22; Casey-Clyde, J. A.23; Chalumeau, A.5,13,14; Champion, D. J.2; Charisi, M.24; Chatterjee, S.17; Chen, S.13,14; Cognard, I.13,14; Cordes, J. M.17; Cornish, N. J.12; Crawford, F.25; Cromartie, H. T.17; Crowter, K.26; Dai, S.27; DeCesar, M. E.28; Demorest, P. B.29; Desvignes, G.2,30; Dolch, T.31,32; Drachler, B.33; Falxa, M.5; Ferrara, E. C.34,35,36; Fiore, W.18,19; Fonseca, E.19,37; Gair, J. R.38; Garver-Daniels, N.18,19; Goncharov, B.39,40; Good, D. C.26; Graikou, E.2; Guillemot, L.13,14; Guo, Y. J.2; Hazboun, J. S.41; Hobbs, G.42; Hu, H.2; Islo, K.43; Janssen, G. H.11,44; Jennings, R. J.17; Johnson, A. D.43; Jones, M. L.43; Kaiser, A. R.18,39; Kaplan, D. L.43; Karuppusamy, R.2; Keith, M. J.45; Kelley, L. Z.46; Kerr, M.47; Key, J. S.41; Kramer, M.2,45; Lam, M. T.33,48; Lamb, W. G.24; Lazio, T. J. W.49; Lee, K. J.2,22,50; Lentati, L.51; Liu, K.2; Luo, J.52; Lynch, R. S.53; Lyne, A. G.45; Madison, D. R.54; Main, R. A.2; Manchester, R. N.42; McEwen, A.43; McKee, J. W.55; McLaughlin, M. A.18,19; Mickaliger, M. B.45; Mingarelli, C. M. F.23,56; Ng, C.57; Nice, D. J.58; Osłowski, S.59; Parthasarathy, A.2; Pennucci, T. T.60; Perera, B. B. P.61; Perrodin, D.20; Petiteau, A.5; Pol, N. S.24; Porayko, N. K.2; Possenti, A.20,62; Ransom, S. M.63; Ray, P. S.64; Reardon, D. J.7,8; Russell, C. J.65; Samajdar, A.15; Sampson, L. M.46; Sanidas, S.45; Sarkissian, J. M.66; Schmitz, K.67; Schult, L.24; Sesana, A.15,16; Shaifullah, G.15,16; Shannon, R. M.7,8; Shapiro-Albert, B. J.18,19; Siemens, X.43,68; Simon, J.49,69; Smith, T. L.70; Speri, L.38; Spiewak, R.7,8,45; Stairs, I. H.26; Stappers, B. W.45; Stinebring, D. R.71; Swiggum, J. K.58; Taylor, S. R.24; Theureau, G.13,14,72; Tiburzi, C.11; Vallisneri, M.49,73; van der Wateren, E.11,44; Vecchio, A.74; Verbiest, J. P. W.2,9; Vigeland, S. J.43; Wahl, H.18,19; Wang, J. B.75 ; Wang, J.9; Wang, L.50; Witt, C. A.18,19; Zhang, S.76; Zhu, X. J.77
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| 2022 | |
| Source Publication | Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
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| ISSN | 0035-8711 |
| Volume | 510Issue:4Pages:4873-4887 |
| Contribution Rank | 75 |
| Abstract | We searched for an isotropic stochastic gravitational wave background in the second data release of the International Pulsar Timing Array, a global collaboration synthesizing decadal-length pulsar-timing campaigns in North America, Europe, and Australia. In our reference search for a power-law strain spectrum of the form h(c) = A(f/1 yr(-1))(alpha), we found strong evidence for a spectrally similar low-frequency stochastic process of amplitude A = 3.8(-2.5)(+6.3) x 10(-15) and spectral index alpha = -0.5 +/- 0.5, where the uncertainties represent 95 per cent credible regions, using information from the auto- and cross-correlation terms between the pulsars in the array. For a spectral index of alpha = -2/3, as expected from a population of inspiralling supermassive black hole binaries, the recovered amplitude is A = 2.8(-0.8)(+1.2) x 10(-15). None the less, no significant evidence of the Hellings-Downs correlations that would indicate a gravitational-wave origin was found. We also analysed the constituent data from the individual pulsar timing arrays in a consistent way, and clearly demonstrate that the combined international data set is more sensitive. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this combined data set produces comparable constraints to recent single-array data sets which have more data than the constituent parts of the combination. Future international data releases will deliver increased sensitivity to gravitational wave radiation, and significantly increase the detection probability. |
| Keyword | gravitational waves methods: data analysis pulsars: general data set limits common-spectrum process black-hole binaries millisecond pulsars solar-system spin noise astrophysics radiation signal time Astronomy & Astrophysics |
| Subtype | Article |
| DOI | 10.1093/mnras/stab3418 |
| URL | 查看原文 |
| Indexed By | SCI |
| Language | 英语 |
| WOS ID | WOS:000764894000001 |
| Citation statistics | |
| Document Type | 期刊论文 |
| Identifier | http://ir.xao.ac.cn/handle/45760611-7/5124 |
| Collection | 射电天文研究室_星系宇宙学研究团组 |
| Corresponding Author | Chen, S. |
| Affiliation | 1.Institute of Astrophysics, FORTH, N. Plastira 100, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; 2.Max-Planck-Institut f ¨ur Radioastronomie, Auf dem H ¨ugel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany; 3.Argelander Institut f ¨ur Astronomie, Auf dem H ¨ugel 71, D-53117 Bonn, Germany; 4.X-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 662, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; 5.Universit ´e de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France; 6.Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, 141700 Moscow region, Russia; 7.Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia; 8.Austr alian Researc h Council Centre for Excellence for Gravitational Wave Disco very (OzGrav), Swinburne , PO Box 218, Hawthorn VIC 3122, Australia; 9.Fakult ¨at f ¨ur Physik, Universit ¨at Bielefeld, Postfach 100131, D-33501 Biele- feld, Germany; 10.Department of Physics and Astronomy , W idener University, One University Place, Chester, PA 19013, USA; 11.ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Oude Hoo g eveensedijk 4, NL-7991 PD Dwingeloo, the Netherlands; 12.Department of Physics, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA; 13.Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l’Environnement et de l’Espace LPC2E UMR7328, Universit ´e d’Orl ´eans, CNRS, F-45071 Orl ´eans, France; 14.Station de Radioastronomie de Nan c ¸ay, Observatoire de Paris, PSL University, CNRS, Universit ´e d’Orl ´eans, F-18330 Nan c ¸ay, France; 15.Dipartimento di Fisica ‘G. Occhialini’, Universit `a degli Studi di Milano- Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, I-20126 Milano, Italy; 16.INFN, Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, I-20126 Milano, Italy; 17.Cornell Center for Astrophysics and Planetary Science and Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; 18.Department of Physics and Astronomy, West Virginia University, P.O. Box 6315, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; 19.Center for Gravitational Waves and Cosmology, West Virginia University, Chestnut Ridge Research Building, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA; 20.INAF –Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari, via della Scienza 5, I-09047 Selargius (CA), Italy; 21.Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, CIFAR Azrieli Global Scholar, MaRS Centre W est T ower, 661 University Ave. Suite 505, Toronto ON M5G 1M1, Canada; 22.Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China; 23.Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, 196 Auditorium Road, U-3046, Storrs, CT 06269-3046, USA; 24.Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, 2301 Van- derbilt Place, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; 25.Department of Physics and Astronomy , F ranklin and Mar shall Colleg e, PO Box 3003, Lancaster, PA 17604, USA; 26.Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, V ancouver , BC V6T 1Z1, Canada; 27.School of Science, Western Sydney Univer sity, Lock ed Ba g 1797, Penrith South DC, NSW 2751, Australia; 28.Georg e Mason Univer sity, resident at the Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA; 29.National Radio Astronomy Observatory, 1003 Lopezville Rd., Socorro, NM 87801, USA; 30.LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Universit ´e PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Universit ´e, Universit ´e de Paris, 5 place Jules Janssen, F-92195 Meudon, France; 31.Department of Physics, Hillsdale College, 33 E. College Street, Hillsdale, MI 49242, USA; 32.Eureka Scientific, Inc., 2452 Delmer Street, Suite 100, Oakland, CA 94602- 3017, USA; 33.School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA; 34.Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; 35.Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; 36.NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; 37.Department of Physics and Astronomy, West Virginia University, PO Box 6315, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; 38.Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), Am Mu ¨uhlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany; 39.Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), I-67100 L’Aquila, Italy; 40.INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, I-67100 Assergi, Italy; 41.Physical Sciences Division, University of Washington Bothell, 18115 Campus Way NE, Bothell, WA 98011, USA; 42.Australia Telescope National Facility, CSIRO Space and Astronomy, PO Box 76, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia; 43.Center for Gravitation, Cosmology and Astrophysics, Department of Physics, Univer sity of Wisconsin-Milwauk ee, PO Box 413, Milwauk ee , WI 53201, USA; 44.Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, the Netherlands; 45.Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astron- omy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; 46.Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; 47.Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA; 48.Laboratory for Multiwavelength Astrophysics, Rochester Institute of Tech- nology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA; 49.Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Gro ve Drive , Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; 50.National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bei- jing 100101, P. R. China; 51.Astr ophysics Gr oup, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cam- bridge CB3 0HE, UK; 52.Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Toronto, 50 Saint Geor ge Str eet, Toronto ON M5S 3H4, Canada; 53.Green Bank Observatory, PO Box 2, Green Bank, WV 24944, USA; 54.Department of Physics, University of the Pacific, 3601 Pacific Ave., Stockton, CA 95211, USA; 55.Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street, Toronto ON M5S 3H8, Canada; 56.Center for Computational Astr ophysics, Flatir on Institute, 162 5th Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USA; 57.Dunlap Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Toronto, 50 Saint George Street, Toronto ON M5S 3H4, Canada; 58.Department of Physics, Lafayette College, Easton, PA 18042, USA; 59.Manly Astrophysics, 15/41-42 East Esplanade, Manly, NSW 2095, Australia; 60.Institute of Physics, E ¨otv ¨os Lor ´and University, P ´azm ´any P.s. 1/A, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; 61.Arecibo Observatory, HC3 Box 53995, Arecibo, PR 00612, USA; 62.Universit `a di Cagliari, Dipartimento di Fisica, S.P. Monserrato-Sestu Km 0, I-700-09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy; 63.National Radio Astronomy Observatory, 520 Edgemont Road, Char- lottesville, VA 22903, USA; 64.U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA; 65.CSIRO Scientific Computing Services, Australian Technology Park, Locked Bag 9013, Alexandria, NSW 1435, Australia; 66.Australia Telescope National Facility, CSIRO Space and Astronomy, PO Box 276, Parkes, NSW 2870, Australia; 67.Theoretical Physics Department, CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland; 68.Department of Physics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; 69.Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences, University of Col- orado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; 70.Department of Physics and Astronomy, Swarthmore Colleg e, Swarthmore , PA 19081, USA; 71.Department of Physics and Astronomy, Oberlin Colleg e , Oberlin, OH 44074, USA; 72.Laboratoire Univers et Th ´eories LUTh, Observatoire de Paris, Universit ´e PSL, CNRS, Universit ´e de Paris, F-92190 Meudon, France; 73.Theoretical AstroPhysics Including Relativity (TAPIR), MC 350-17, Cali- fornia Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; 74.Institute for Gravitational Wave Astronomy and School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; 75.Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 150 Science 1-Street, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P. R. China; 76.Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China; 77.Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai 519087, P. R. China |
| Recommended Citation GB/T 7714 | Antoniadis, J.,Arzoumanian, Z.,Babak, S.,et al. The International Pulsar Timing Array second data release: Search for an isotropic gravitational wave background[J]. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society,2022,510(4):4873-4887. |
| APA | Antoniadis, J..,Arzoumanian, Z..,Babak, S..,Bailes, M..,Nielsen, A. S. B..,...&Zhu, X. J..(2022).The International Pulsar Timing Array second data release: Search for an isotropic gravitational wave background.Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society,510(4),4873-4887. |
| MLA | Antoniadis, J.,et al."The International Pulsar Timing Array second data release: Search for an isotropic gravitational wave background".Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 510.4(2022):4873-4887. |
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