KMS of Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory, CAS
| 深空无线电开环测速技术与应用研究 | |
| Alternative Title | Research on Deep Space Radio Open-loop Velocity Measurement Technology and Its Application |
陈略
| |
| Subtype | 博士 |
| Thesis Advisor | 刘祥 |
| 2021-12-01 | |
| Degree Grantor | 中国科学院大学 |
| Place of Conferral | 北京 |
| Degree Name | 理学博士 |
| Degree Discipline | 天体物理 |
| Keyword | 深空探测,开环测速,多普勒频率,无线电科学,行星大气反演 |
| Abstract | 深空探测任务以科学目标为牵引，通过发射特定深空探测器，探索研究太阳系及宇宙的起源、演变和现状等科学问题。深空探测任务涉及技术与科学应用两大方向，其离不开地面深空测控系统的支持。无线电测量是支撑深空探测器轨道测定最重要技术手段，并可有效支持行星无线电科学研究。无线电测速在深空探测任务中发挥着不可替代的重要作用，尤其是当探测器围绕天体环绕飞行时，测速对于探测器精密定轨起着决定性作用。不断提高深空探测器测速的精度、可靠性与灵活性，是深空测控核心技术目标之一。无线电测速按照测量模式，可分为闭环测速与开环测速，本文重点研究深空开环测速技术，设计并实现在轨深空探测器观测试验，以实现测量精度高、可靠性强、灵活性好的测速目标。行星无线电科学（RS）是行星科学重要组成部分，深空开环测速技术为行星RS研究提供了优越的条件。通过探测器与测站间开环测量方式，精确检测信号相位、频率、幅度等变化，可用以开展行星大气、重力场等研究。本文聚焦深空开环测速技术与应用主题，一方面从关键技术上进行了攻关，另一方面探索开环测速技术在行星RS中的应用研究。主要开展以下几个方面研究，并获得了创新性研究成果。 （1）设计与实现了深空开环测速试验方案。本文系统地从探测器、空间环境、测站、信号等4个方面，就如何进行深空开环测速试验进行了创新性方案设计，并以一个实际的在轨深空探测器为例，实现了深空开环测速试验方案，为试验实施奠定了技术基础。 （2）提出了基于分段建模本地相关的深空开环测速信号处理方法。基于深空探测器下行主载波信号，研究综合应用FFT运算、线性调频Z变换（CZT）频谱细化、分段建模本地重构相关、高精度频率估计、测速观测量生成等全过程信号处理与数据处理算法，提出了适用于高动态、低信噪比条件下的高精度深空开环测速方法，并对该方法中的关键参数设置进行了详细阐述，并比对分析了传统基于锁相环（PLL）测速与深空开环测速差异。 （3）自主研发了深空开环测速软件。自主设计与实现了深空开环测速原型软件，按照模块化设计思路，将深空开环测速软件设计划分为：基频数字信号格式解析、参数配置、信号处理、测速观测量生成等4个软件结构单元，综合实现基于开环测量方式的探测器高精度测速。该软件具有测量精度高、可靠性强、灵活性好特点。 （4）开展了多个地外行星在轨探测器开环测速试验与效果评估。1）实现了国内首次地-木距离上探测器的跟踪与测量试验，对朱诺木星探测器进行了开环测速试验，测速精度约为13mHz（1s积分），与美国深空网测速精度相当，有效验证了中国深空测控系统关键技术；2）实现了国内首次地球-土星距离上探测器的成功跟踪与测量试验，对卡西尼探测器进行了开环测速试验，在国内首次获得了深空探测器坠入地外行星大气全过程测速数据，为土星大气等无线电科学研究提供了高精度测量数据支持；3）实现了对于火星快车、天问一号火星探测器的高精度开环测速试验。火星快车开环测速精度达到0.05mm/s（1s积分），通过比对表明，对火星快车开环测速精度达到国际先进水平，达到目前国内最高的深空探测器测速精度。针对天问一号的测量，深空开环测速精度优于深空站基带测速精度2倍以上；4）实现了深空开环测速技术在月球探测器轨道测量中的应用。嫦娥四号中继星开环测速试验中，开环测速精度达到0.1mm/s，优于0.3mm/s深空站基带测速精度；5）开展了深空开环测速观测量支持精密定轨试验，并有效验证了测速观测量能独立支撑环绕型深空探测器精密定轨。 （5）研究了基于测轨技术与基于无线电掩星技术的行星中性大气密度反演的方法和计算过程。调研分析了地外行星中性大气探测研究进展。提出了基于开环测速结果反演行星中性大气密度方法，给出了详细的推导计算过程；并阐述了基于无线电掩星技术的行星中性大气密度反演方法与步骤。 （6）实现了土星上层中性大气密度反演。基于中国深空站的开环测速结果，采用基于测轨技术的行星中性大气密度反演方法，有效反演了距离土星1个大气压（1 bar）表面76000km至1400km高度范围上，土星中性大气质量密度变化范围为1.410-15kg/cm-3至2.510-14 kg/cm-3，反演不确定为40%。 （7）开展了国内首次基于天问一号的火星大气无线电掩星试验。成功开展了基于天问一号的火星大气无线电掩星观测试验，以开环测量方式，有效获取了掩星全过程高精度测量数据，并在信号处理结果中发现了明显的掩星特征，为后续进一步火星中性大气密度反演科学研究奠定了基础。 |
| Other Abstract | Deep pace exploration missions are guided by scientific goals, and through the launch of specific deep-space probes, they explore and study scientific issues such as the origin, evolution, and current status of the solar system and the universe. Deep space exploration missions involve two major directions, technology and scientific applications, and they are inseparable from the support of the ground-based deep-space measurement and control system. Radio survey is the most important technical means to support the orbit determination of deep space probes, and can effectively support planetary radio scientific research. Radio speed measurement plays an irreplaceable important role in deep space exploration missions, especially when the probe is flying around a celestial body, speed measurement plays a decisive role in the precise orbit determination of the probe. Continuously improving the accuracy, reliability and flexibility of the speed measurement of deep space detectors is one of the core technical goals of deep space measurement and control. According to the measurement mode, radio speed measurement can be divided into closed-loop speed measurement and open-loop speed measurement. This article focuses on deep-space open-loop speed measurement technology, designing and realizing the observation test of on-orbit deep-space detectors, in order to achieve high measurement accuracy, strong reliability, and flexibility Good speed target. Planetary radio science (RS) is an important part of planetary science, and deep-space open-loop velocity measurement technology provides superior conditions for planetary RS research. Through the open-loop measurement method between the detector and the station, the signal phase, frequency, amplitude and other changes can be accurately detected, which can be used to carry out research on planetary atmosphere and gravitational field. This article focuses on the deep space open-loop velocity measurement technology and application topics. On the one hand, it has conducted research on key technologies, and on the other hand, it explores the application research of open-loop velocity measurement technology in planetary RS. It mainly carried out the following researches and obtained innovative research results. (1) The deep space open-loop velocity test program is designed and realized. This paper systematically designs an innovative scheme on how to conduct a deep space open-loop velocity test from four aspects: detector, space environment, station, signal, etc., and takes an actual on-orbit deep space detector as an example to achieve A deep-space open-loop speed test program was established, laying a technical foundation for the implementation of the test. (2) A deep space open-loop velocity measurement signal processing method based on segmented modeling and local correlation is proposed. Based on the downlink main carrier signal of the deep space probe, the comprehensive application of FFT operation, chirp Z-transform (CZT) spectrum refinement, segmented modeling local reconstruction correlation, high-precision frequency estimation, speed measurement generation and other whole-process signal processing and data are researched Processing algorithm, a high-precision deep-space open-loop velocity measurement method suitable for high dynamics and low signal-to-noise ratio conditions is proposed, and the key parameter settings in the method are described in detail, and the traditional phase-locked loop-based velocity measurement method is compared and analyzed. (PLL) The difference between speed measurement and deep space open loop speed measurement. (3) The deep space open-loop velocity measurement software is independently developed. The deep space open-loop velocity measurement prototype software is independently designed and implemented. According to the modular design concept, the deep space open-loop speed measurement software design is divided into four parts: basic frequency digital signal format analysis, parameter configuration, signal processing, and speed measurement generation. The software structure unit comprehensively realizes the high-precision speed measurement of the detector based on the open-loop measurement method. The software has the characteristics of high measurement accuracy, strong reliability and good flexibility. (4) The open loop velocity test and effect evaluation of a number of extraterrestrial planetary on-orbit probes have been carried out. 1) Realized the first domestic tracking and measurement test of the detector at the distance between Earth and Wood, and conducted an open-loop velocity measurement test on the Juno Jupiter detector. The velocity measurement accuracy is about 13mHz (1s integral), which is equivalent to the velocity measurement accuracy of the US Deep Space Network. , Which effectively verified the key technologies of China’s deep-space measurement and control system; 2) The first successful tracking and measurement test of the detector at the Earth-Saturn distance was realized in China, and the open-loop velocity measurement test was performed on the Cassini detector, which was the first in China. The speed measurement data of the whole process of the deep space probe falling into the atmosphere of extraterrestrial planets provides high-precision measurement data support for radio scientific research such as Saturn's atmosphere; 3) High-precision open loop for the Mars Express and Tianwen-1 Mars probes are realized Speed test. The open-loop speed measurement accuracy of the Mars Express reaches 0.05mm/s (1s integral). The comparison shows that the open-loop speed measurement accuracy of the Mars Express reaches the international advanced level, reaching the highest domestic deep space probe speed measurement accuracy. For the measurement of Tianwen-1, the accuracy of deep-space open-loop velocity measurement is more than 2 times better than that of deep-space station baseband velocity measurement; 4) The application of deep-space open-loop velocity measurement technology in lunar probe orbit measurement is realized. In the open-loop velocity measurement test of Chang'e-4 relay satellite, the open-loop velocity measurement accuracy reached 0.1mm/s, which was better than 0.3mm/s deep-space station baseband velocity measurement accuracy; 5) Deep-space open-loop velocity observation was carried out to support precise orbit determination The experiment has effectively verified that the speed observation can independently support the precise orbit determination of the surrounding deep space probe. (5) The method and calculation process of planetary neutral atmospheric density retrieval based on orbit measurement technology and radio occultation technology are studied. Investigation and analysis of the research progress of neutral atmosphere detection on exoplanets. A method for retrieving the density of planetary neutral atmosphere based on the results of open-loop velocity measurement is proposed, and the detailed calculation process is given; and the method and steps of the retrieval of planetary neutral atmosphere density based on radio occultation technology are described. (6) The retrieving of the density of the upper neutral atmosphere of Saturn is achieved. Based on the open-loop velocity measurement results of the China Deep Space Station, the planetary neutral atmosphere density retrieval method based on orbit measurement technology is used to effectively retrieve the altitude range of 76000km to 1400km from the surface of Saturn at 1 atmosphere (1 bar). Saturn is neutral. The air mass density varies from 1.4 x10-15kg/cm-3 to 2.5x10-14 kg/cm-3, and the inversion uncertainty is 40%. (7) The first domestic radio occultation experiment of Mars atmosphere based on Tianwen-1 was carried out. The Martian atmospheric radio occultation observation experiment based on Tianwen-1 was successfully carried out. The open-loop measurement method effectively obtained high-precision measurement data during the entire occultation process, and found obvious occultation features in the signal processing results. Subsequent further scientific research on the inversion of Martian neutral atmospheric density has laid the foundation. |
| Pages | 105 |
| Language | 中文 |
| Document Type | 学位论文 |
| Identifier | http://ir.xao.ac.cn/handle/45760611-7/5154 |
| Collection | 研究生学位论文 |
| Affiliation | 北京航天飞行控制中心 |
| Recommended Citation GB/T 7714 | 陈略. 深空无线电开环测速技术与应用研究[D]. 北京. 中国科学院大学,2021. |
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