A global view on star formation: The GLOSTAR Galactic plane survey VIII. Formaldehyde absorption in Cygnus X

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202346102

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	A global view on star formation: The GLOSTAR Galactic plane survey VIII. Formaldehyde absorption in Cygnus X
	Gong, Y.1; Ortiz-Leon, G. N.1,2; Rugel, M. R.1,3,4; Menten, K. M.1; Brunthaler, A.1; Wyrowski, F.1; Henkel, C.1,5,6 ; Beuther, H.7; Dzib, S. A.1,8; Urquhart, J. S.9,16; Yang, A. Y.10,11; Pandian, J. D.12; Dokara, R.1; Veena, V. S.1; Nguyen, H.1; Medina, S. -n. x.1,13; Cotton, W. D.14; Reich, W.1; Winkel, B.1; Mueller, P.1; Skretas, I.1; Csengeri, T.15; Khan, S.1; Cheema, A.1
	2023-10-13
Source Publication	ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
ISSN	0004-6361
Volume	678 Pages:A130
Contribution Rank	6
Abstract	Context. Cygnus X is one of the closest and most active high-mass star-forming regions in our Galaxy, making it one of the best laboratories for studying massive star formation. Aims. We aim to investigate the properties of molecular gas structures on different linear scales with the 4.8 GHz formaldehyde (H2CO) absorption line in Cygnus X. Methods. As part of the GLOSTAR Galactic plane survey, we performed large-scale (7 degrees x3 degrees) simultaneous H2CO (1(1,0)-1(1,1)) spectral line and radio continuum imaging observations toward Cygnus X at lambda similar to 6 cm with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array and the Effelsberg 100 m radio telescope. We used auxiliary HI, (CO)-C-13 (1-0), dust continuum, and dust polarization data for our analysis. Results. Our Effelsberg observations reveal widespread H2CO (1(1,0)-1(1,1)) absorption with a spatial extent of greater than or similar to 50 pc in Cygnus X for the first time. On large scales of 4.4 pc, the relative orientation between the local velocity gradient and the magnetic field tends to be more parallel at H-2 column densities of greater than or similar to 1.8x10(22) cm(-2). On the smaller scale of 0.17 pc, our VLA+Effelsberg combined data reveal H2CO (1(1,0)-1(1,1)) absorption only towards three bright HII regions. Our observations demonstrate that H2CO (1(1,0)-1(1,1)) is optically thin in general. The kinematic analysis supports the assertion that molecular clouds generally exhibit supersonic motions on scales of 0.17-4.4 pc. We show a non-negligible contribution of the cosmic microwave background radiation to the extended absorption features in Cygnus X. Our observations suggest that H2CO (1(1,0)-1(1,1)) can trace molecular gas with H-2 column densities of greater than or similar to 5 x 10(21) cm(-2) (i.e., A(V) greater than or similar to 5). The ortho-H2CO fractional abundance with respect to H-2 has a mean value of 7.0 x 10(-10). A comparison of the velocity dispersions on different linear scales suggests that the velocity dispersions of the dominant -3 km s(-1) velocity component in the prominent DR21 region are nearly identical on scales of 0.17-4.4 pc, which deviates from the expected behavior of classic turbulence.
Keyword	ISM: clouds ISM: individual objects: Cygnus X ISM: kinematics and dynamics ISM: molecules ISM: structure
DOI	10.1051/0004-6361/202346102
Indexed By	SCI
Language	英语
WOS Keyword	H-II REGIONS ; YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS ; 6 CM EMISSION ; MOLECULAR CLOUDS ; MAGNETIC-FIELDS ; RADIO-CONTINUUM ; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES ; VELOCITY-GRADIENTS ; MASER EMISSION ; DARK CLOUDS
Funding Project	European Research Council[CSF-648505] ; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft in the Collaborative Research Center[SFB 881] ; NSFC[11988101] ; NSFC[NSFC 11973013] ; European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union[101018682]
WOS Research Area	Astronomy & Astrophysics
WOS Subject	Astronomy & Astrophysics
WOS ID	WOS:001085750100002
Publisher	EDP SCIENCES S A
Funding Organization	European Research Council ; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft in the Collaborative Research Center ; NSFC ; European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union
Citation statistics	Cited Times:12[WOS] [WOS Record] [Related Records in WOS]
Document Type	期刊论文
Identifier	http://ir.xao.ac.cn/handle/45760611-7/5564
Collection	中国科学院新疆天文台射电天文研究室_恒星形成与演化研究团组
Corresponding Author	Gong, Y.
Affiliation	1.Max Planck Inst Radioastron, Hugel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany 2.Inst Nacl Astrofis Opt & Electr, Apartado Postal 51 & 216, Puebla 72000, Mexico 3.Ctr Astrophys Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA 4.Natl Radio Astron Observ, 1003 Lopezville RD, Socorro, NM 87801 USA 5.King Abdulaziz Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Astron, POB 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia 6.Chinese Acad Sci, Xinjiang Astron Observ, Urumqi 830011, Peoples R China 7.Max Planck Inst Astron, Konigstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany 8.IRAM, 300 Rue Piscine, F-38406 St Martin Dheres, France 9.Univ Kent, Ctr Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Canterbury CT2 7NH, England 10.Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Astron Observ, A20 Datun Rd, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China 11.Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Radio Astron & Technol, A20 Datun Rd, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China 12.Indian Inst Space Sci & Technol, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Trivandrum 695547, India 13.German Aerosp Ctr, Sci Informat, D-51147 Cologne, Germany 14.Natl Radio Astron Observ, 520 Edgemont Rd, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA 15.Univ Bordeaux, Lab Astrophys Bordeaux, CNRS, B18N, Allee Geoffroy St Hilaire, F-33615 Pessac, France 16.Natl Radio Astron Observ, Cambridge, MA USA
Recommended Citation GB/T 7714	Gong, Y.,Ortiz-Leon, G. N.,Rugel, M. R.,et al. A global view on star formation: The GLOSTAR Galactic plane survey VIII. Formaldehyde absorption in Cygnus X[J]. ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS,2023,678:A130.
APA	Gong, Y..,Ortiz-Leon, G. N..,Rugel, M. R..,Menten, K. M..,Brunthaler, A..,...&Cheema, A..(2023).A global view on star formation: The GLOSTAR Galactic plane survey VIII. Formaldehyde absorption in Cygnus X.ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS,678,A130.
MLA	Gong, Y.,et al."A global view on star formation: The GLOSTAR Galactic plane survey VIII. Formaldehyde absorption in Cygnus X".ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS 678(2023):A130.

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