KMS of Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory, CAS
| The Great Markarian 421 Flare of 2010 February: Multiwavelength Variability and Correlation Studies | |
| Abeysekara, A. U.; Benbow, W.; Bird, R.; Brill, A.; Brose, R.; Buchovecky, M.; Buckley, J. H.; Christiansen, J. L.; Chromey, A. J.; Daniel, M. K.; Dumm, J.; Falcone, A.; Feng, Q.; Finley, J. P.; Fortson, L.; Furniss, A.; Galante, N.; Gent, A.; Gillanders, G. H.; Giuri, C.; Gueta, O.; Hassan, T.; Hervet, O.; Holder, J.; Hughes, G.; Humensky, T. B.; Johnson, C. A.; Kaaret, P.; Kar, P.; Kelley-Hoskins, N.; Kertzman, M.; Kieda, D.; Krause, M.; Krennrich, F.; Kumar, S.; Lang, M. J.; Moriarty, P.; Mukherjee, R.; Nelson, T.; Nieto, D.; Nievas-Rosillo, M.; O'Brien, S.; Ong, R. A.; Otte, A. N.; Park, N.; Petrashyk, A.; Pichel, A.; Pohl, M.; Prado, R. R.; Pueschel, E.; Quinn, J.; Ragan, K.; Reynolds, P. T.; Richards, G. T.; Roache, E.; Rovero, A. C.; Rulten, C.; Sadeh, I.; Santander, M.; Sembroski, G. H.; Shahinyan, K.; Stevenson, B.; Sushch, I.; Tyler, J.; Vassiliev, V. V.; Wakely, S. P.; Weinstein, A.; Wells, R. M.; Wilcox, P.; Wilhelm, A.; Williams, D. A.; Zitzer, B.; Acciari, V. A.; Ansoldi, S.; Antonelli, L. A.; Engels, A. Arbet; Baack, D.; Babic, A.; Banerjee, B.; Barres de Almeida, U.; Barrio, J. A.; Becerra Gonzalez, J.; Bednarek, W.; Bellizzi, L.; Bernardini, E.; Berti, A.; Besenrieder, J.; Bhattacharyya, W.; Bigongiari, C.; Biland, A.; Blanch, O.; Bonnoli, G.; Busetto, G.; Carosi, R.; Ceribella, G.; Chai, Y.; Cikota, S.; Colak, S. M.; Colin, U.; Colombo, E.; Contreras, J. L.; Cortina, J.; Covino, S.; D'Elia, V.; Da Vela, P.; Dazzi, F.; De Angelis, A.; De Lotto, B.; Delfino, M.; Delgado, J.; Di Pierro, F.; Do Souto Espinera, E.; Prester, D. Dominis; Dorner, D.; Doro, M.; Einecke, S.; Elsaesser, D.; Ramazani, V. Fallah; Fattorini, A.; Fernandez-Barral, A.; Ferrara, G.; Fidalgo, D.; Foffano, L.; Fonseca, M. V.; Font, L.; Fruck, C.; Galindo, D.; Gallozzi, S.; Garcia Lopez, R. J.; Garczarczyk, M.; Gasparyan, S.; Gaug, M.; Godinovic, N.; Green, D.; Guberman, D.; Hadasch, D.; Hahn, A.; Herrera, J.; Hoang, J.; Hrupec, D.; Inoue, S.; Ishio, K.; Iwamura, Y.; Kubo, H.; Kushida, J.; Lamastra, A.; Lelas, D.; Leone, F.; Lindfors, E.; Lombardi, S.; Longo, F.; Lopez, M.; Lopez-Coto, R.; Lopez-Oramas, A.; Machado de Oliveira Fraga, B.; Maggio, C.; Majumdar, P.; Makariev, M.; Mallamaci, M.; Maneva, G.; Manganaro, M.; Mannheim, K.; Maraschi, L.; Mariotti, M.; Martinez, M.; Masuda, S.; Mazin, D.; Miceli, D.; Minev, M.; Miranda, J. M.; Mirzoyan, R.; Molina, E.; Moralejo, A.; Morcuende, D.; Moreno, V.; Moretti, E.; Munar-Adrover, P.; Neustroev, V.; Niedzwiecki, A.; Nievas Rosillo, M.; Nigro, C.; Nilsson, K.; Ninci, D.; Nishijima, K.; Noda, K.; Nogues, L.; Noethe, M.; Paiano, S.; Palacio, J.; Palatiello, M.; Paneque, D.; Paoletti, R.; Paredes, J. M.; Penil, P.; Peresano, M.; Persic, M.; Moroni, P. G. Prada; Prandini, E.; Puljak, I.; Rhode, W.; Ribo, M.; Rico, J.; Righi, C.; Rugliancich, A.; Saha, L.; Sahakyan, N.; Saito, T.; Satalecka, K.; Schweizer, T.; Sitarek, J.; Snidaric, I.; Sobczynska, D.; Somero, A.; Stamerra, A.; Strom, D.; Strzys, M.; Sun, S.; Suric, T.; Tavecchio, F.; Temnikov, P.; Terzic, T.; Teshima, M.; Torres-Alba, N.; Tsujimoto, S.; van Scherpenberg, J.; Vanzo, G.; Vazquez Acosta, M.; Vovk, I.; Will, M.; Zaric, D.; Aller, H. D.; Aller, M. F.; Carini, M. T.; Horan, D.; Jordan, B.; Jorstad, S. G.; Kurtanidze, O. M.; Kurtanidze, S. O.; Lahteenmaki, A.; Larionov, V. M.; Larionova, E. G.; Madejski, G.; Marscher, A. P.; Max-Moerbeck, W.; Moody, J. Ward; Morozova, D. A.; Nikolashvili, M. G.; Raiteri, C. M.; Readhead, A. C. S.; Richards, J. L.; Sadun, A. C.; Sakamoto, T.; Sigua, L. A.; Smith, P. S.; Talvikki, H.; Tammi, J.; Tornikoski, M.; Troitsky, I. S.; Villata, M. | |
| 2020-02-20 | |
| Source Publication | ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
 |
| ISSN | 0004-637X |
| Volume | 890Issue:2Pages:21 |
| Abstract | We report on variability and correlation studies using multiwavelength observations of the blazar Mrk 421 during the month of 2010 February, when an extraordinary flare reaching a level of similar to 27 Crab Units above 1 TeV was measured in very high energy (VHE) gamma-rays with the Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS) observatory. This is the highest flux state for Mrk 421 ever observed in VHE gamma-rays. Data are analyzed from a coordinated campaign across multiple instruments, including VHE gamma-ray (VERITAS, Major Atmospheric Gamma-ray Imaging Cherenkov), high-energy gamma-ray (Fermi-LAT), X-ray (Swift, Rossi X-ray Timing Experiment, MAXI), optical (including the GASP-WEBT collaboration and polarization data), and radio (Metsahovi, Owens Valley Radio Observatory, University of Michigan Radio Astronomy Observatory). Light curves are produced spanning multiple days before and after the peak of the VHE flare, including over several flare "decline" epochs. The main flare statistics allow 2 minute time bins to be constructed in both the VHE and optical bands enabling a cross-correlation analysis that shows evidence for an optical lag of similar to 25-55 minutes, the first time-lagged correlation between these bands reported on such short timescales. Limits on the Doppler factor (delta greater than or similar to 33) and the size of the emission region (delta R--1(B) less than or similar to 3.8 x 10(13) cm) are obtained from the fast variability observed by VERITAS during the main flare. Analysis of 10 minute binned VHE and X-ray data over the decline epochs shows an extraordinary range of behavior in the flux-flux relationship, from linear to quadratic to lack of correlation to anticorrelation. Taken together, these detailed observations of an unprecedented flare seen in Mrk 421 are difficult to explain with the classic single-zone synchrotron self-Compton model. |
| Corresponding Author | Fortson, L.(lfortson@umn.edu) |
| DOI | 10.3847/1538-4357/ab6612 |
| Indexed By | SCI ; SCI |
| Language | 英语 |
| WOS Keyword | ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI ; RAY LIGHT CURVES ; BL-LAC OBJECTS ; X-RAY ; CRAB-NEBULA ; BLAZAR FLARES ; RADIO-SOURCES ; TEV PHOTONS ; EMISSION ; RADIATION |
| Funding Project | U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science ; U.S. National Science Foundation ; Smithsonian Institution ; NSERC in Canada ; National Science Foundation ; U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science ; National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science User Facility[DE-AC0205CH11231] ; German BMBF ; MPG ; Italian INFN ; INAF ; Swiss National Fund SNF ; ERDF under the Spanish MINECO[FPA2015-69818-P] ; ERDF under the Spanish MINECO[FPA2012-36668] ; ERDF under the Spanish MINECO[FPA2015-68378-P] ; ERDF under the Spanish MINECO[FPA2015-69210-C6-2R] ; ERDF under the Spanish MINECO[FPA2015-69210-C6-4-R] ; ERDF under the Spanish MINECO[FPA2015-69210-C6-6-R] ; ERDF under the Spanish MINECO[AYA2015-71042-P] ; ERDF under the Spanish MINECO[AYA2016-76012-C3-1-P] ; ERDF under the Spanish MINECO[ESP201571662-C2-2-P] ; ERDF under the Spanish MINECO[FPA201790566REDC] ; Indian Department of Atomic Energy ; Japanese JSPS ; Japanese MEXT ; Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science, National RI Roadmap Project[DO1-153/28.08.2018] ; Spanish Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa[SEV-2016-0588] ; Spanish Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa[SEV2015-0548] ; Unidad de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu[MDM-2014-0369] ; Croatian Science Foundation (HrZZ) Project[IP-2016-06-9782] ; University of Rijeka Project[13.12.1.3.02] ; DFG Collaborative Research Centers[SFB823/C4] ; DFG Collaborative Research Centers[SFB876/C3] ; Polish National Research Centre grant[UMO-2016/22/M/ST9/00382] ; Brazilian MCTIC ; Brazilian CNPq ; Brazilian FAPERJ ; NASA[NNX08AW31G] ; NASA[NNX11A043G] ; NASA[NNX14AQ89G] ; NASA[80NSSC17K0649] ; NSF[AST-0808050] ; NSF[AST1109911] ; NSF[AST 0607523] ; NSF[AST-1615796] ; NASA Fermi GI award[NNX09AU16G] ; Russian RFBR foundation[12-02-00452] ; Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation[FR/577/6-320/13] ; Fermi Guest Investigator Program[NNX09AU10G] |
| WOS Research Area | Astronomy & Astrophysics |
| WOS Subject | Astronomy & Astrophysics |
| WOS ID | WOS:000522100700006 |
| Publisher | IOP PUBLISHING LTD |
| Funding Organization | U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science ; U.S. National Science Foundation ; Smithsonian Institution ; NSERC in Canada ; National Science Foundation ; U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science ; National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science User Facility ; German BMBF ; MPG ; Italian INFN ; INAF ; Swiss National Fund SNF ; ERDF under the Spanish MINECO ; Indian Department of Atomic Energy ; Japanese JSPS ; Japanese MEXT ; Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science, National RI Roadmap Project ; Spanish Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa ; Unidad de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu ; Croatian Science Foundation (HrZZ) Project ; University of Rijeka Project ; DFG Collaborative Research Centers ; Polish National Research Centre grant ; Brazilian MCTIC ; Brazilian CNPq ; Brazilian FAPERJ ; NASA ; NSF ; NASA Fermi GI award ; Russian RFBR foundation ; Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation ; Fermi Guest Investigator Program |
| Citation statistics | |
| Document Type | 期刊论文 |
| Identifier | http://ir.xao.ac.cn/handle/45760611-7/6438 |
| Collection | 中国科学院新疆天文台 |
| Corresponding Author | Fortson, L. |
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Laguna, Inst Astrofis Canarias, San Cristobal la Laguna, Spain 99.Univ La Laguna, Dept Astrofis, San Cristobal la Laguna, Spain 100.Univ Udine, Udine, Italy 101.INFN Trieste, Udine, Italy 102.Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Japanese MAGIC Consortium, Kyoto, Japan 103.Natl Inst Astrophys INAF, Rome, Italy 104.Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Zurich, Switzerland 105.Tech Univ Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany 106.Univ Zagreb, Croatian Consortium, FER, Zagreb, Croatia 107.HBNI, Saha Inst Nucl Phys, Kolkata, India 108.CBPF, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil 109.Univ Complutense Madrid, IPARCOS Inst, Madrid, Spain 110.Univ Complutense Madrid, EMFTEL Dept, Madrid, Spain 111.Univ Lodz, Dept Astrophys, Lodz, Poland 112.Univ Siena, Siena, Italy 113.INFN Pisa, Siena, Italy 114.Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, Zeuthen, Germany 115.Univ Padua, Padua, Italy 116.INFN, Padua, Italy 117.Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Frascati, Italy 118.Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, Munich, Germany 119.BIST, IFAE, Barcelona, Spain 120.Univ Pisa, Pisa, 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Nucl Res & Nucl Energy, Sofia, Bulgaria 139.Univ Barcelona, ICCUB, IEEC UB, Barcelona, Spain 140.Univ Oulu, Astron Res Unit, Finnish MAGIC Consortium, Oulu, Finland 141.Rudjer Boskovic Inst, Croatian Consortium, Zagreb, Croatia |
| Recommended Citation GB/T 7714 | Abeysekara, A. U.,Benbow, W.,Bird, R.,et al. The Great Markarian 421 Flare of 2010 February: Multiwavelength Variability and Correlation Studies[J]. ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL,2020,890(2):21. |
| APA | Abeysekara, A. U..,Benbow, W..,Bird, R..,Brill, A..,Brose, R..,...&Villata, M..(2020).The Great Markarian 421 Flare of 2010 February: Multiwavelength Variability and Correlation Studies.ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL,890(2),21. |
| MLA | Abeysekara, A. U.,et al."The Great Markarian 421 Flare of 2010 February: Multiwavelength Variability and Correlation Studies".ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL 890.2(2020):21. |
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