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| An ALCHEMI inspection of sulphur-bearing species towards the central molecular zone of NGC 253 | |
Bouvier, M.1; Viti, S.1; Behrens, E.2; Butterworth, J.1; Huang, K. -y.1; Mangum, J. G.3; Harada, N.4,5; Martin, S.6,7; Rivilla, V. M.8; Muller, S.9; Sakamoto, K.5; Yoshimura, Y.10; Tanaka, K.11; Nakanishi, K.4,5; Herrero-Illana, R.6; Colzi, L.8; Gorski, M. D.12,13; Henkel, C.14,15,16 ; Humire, P. K.17; Meier, D. S.18,19; van der Werf, P. P.1; Yan, Y. T.14
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| 2024-09-02 | |
| Source Publication | ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
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| ISSN | 0004-6361 |
| Volume | 689Pages:A64 |
| Contribution Rank | 15 |
| Abstract | Context. Sulphur-bearing species are detected in various environments within Galactic star-forming regions and are particularly abundant in the gas phase of outflow and shocked regions in addition to photo-dissociation regions. Thanks to the powerful capabilities of millimetre interferometers, studying sulphur-bearing species and their region of emission in various extreme extra-galactic environments (e.g. starburst and active galactic nuclei) and at a high-angular resolution and sensitivity is now possible. Aims. In this work, we aim to investigate the nature of the emission from the most common sulphur-bearing species observable at millimetre wavelengths towards the nuclear starburst of the nearby galaxy NGC 253. We intend to understand which type of regions are probed by sulphur-bearing species and which process(es) dominate(s) the release of sulphur into the gas phase. Methods. We used the high-angular resolution (1.6 '' or similar to 27 pc) observations from the ALCHEMI ALMA Large Program to image several sulphur-bearing species towards the central molecular zone (CMZ) of NGC 253. We performed local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) and non-LTE large velocity gradient (LVG) analyses to derive the physical conditions of the gas where the sulphur-bearing species are emitted, and their abundance ratios across the CMZ. Finally, we compared our results with previous ALCHEMI studies and a few selected Galactic environments. Results. To reproduce the observations, we modelled two gas components for most of the sulphur-bearing species investigated in this work. We found that not all sulphur-bearing species trace the same type of gas: strong evidence indicates that H2S and part of the emission of OCS, H2CS, and SO are tracing shocks, whilst part of SO and CS emission rather traces the dense molecular gas. For some species, such as CCS and SO2, we could not firmly conclude on their origin of emission. Conclusions. The present analysis indicates that the emission from most sulphur-bearing species throughout the CMZ is likely dominated by shocks associated with ongoing star formation. In the inner part of the CMZ where the presence of super star clusters was previously indicated, we could not distinguish between shocks or thermal evaporation as the main process releasing the S-bearing species. |
| Keyword | astrochemistry ISM: molecules galaxies: abundances galaxies: active galaxies: ISM galaxies: starburst |
| DOI | 10.1051/0004-6361/202449186 |
| Indexed By | SCI |
| Language | 英语 |
| WOS Keyword | SPECTRAL-LINE SURVEY ; SUPER STAR-CLUSTERS ; EXTRAORDINARY SOURCES ANALYSIS ; LIMITED MILLIMETER SURVEY ; ORION KL ; HERSCHEL OBSERVATIONS ; FORMING REGIONS ; APERTURE SYNTHESIS ; NUCLEAR STARBURST ; ALMA OBSERVATIONS |
| Funding Project | European Research Council (ERC)[MOPPEX 833460] ; Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities/State Agency of Research MICIU/AEI[PID2019-105552RB-C41] ; Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities/State Agency of Research MICIU/AEI[PID2022-136814NB-I00] ; ERDF, UE ; MICIU/AEI[RYC2020-029387-I] ; ESF, Investing in your future ; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC) ; Centro de Astrobiologia (CAB) (Proyectos intramurales especiales del CSIC)[20225AT015] ; JSPS KAKENHI[JP21K03634] ; Swedish Research Council[621-2011-4143] |
| WOS Research Area | Astronomy & Astrophysics |
| WOS Subject | Astronomy & Astrophysics |
| WOS ID | WOS:001304236700003 |
| Publisher | EDP SCIENCES S A |
| Funding Organization | European Research Council (ERC) ; Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities/State Agency of Research MICIU/AEI ; ERDF, UE ; MICIU/AEI ; ESF, Investing in your future ; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC) ; Centro de Astrobiologia (CAB) (Proyectos intramurales especiales del CSIC) ; JSPS KAKENHI ; Swedish Research Council |
| Citation statistics | |
| Document Type | 期刊论文 |
| Identifier | http://ir.xao.ac.cn/handle/45760611-7/7031 |
| Collection | 射电天文研究室_恒星形成与演化研究团组 |
| Corresponding Author | Bouvier, M. |
| Affiliation | 1.Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, POB 9513, NL-2300 Leiden, Netherlands 2.Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, POB 400325,530 McCormick Rd, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA 3.Natl Radio Astron Observ, 520 Edgemond Rd, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA 4.Natl Astron Observ Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan 5.Grad Univ Adv Studies SOKENDAI, Sch Sci, Dept Astron, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan 6.European Southern Observ, Alonso Cordova 3107, Santiago 7630355, Vitacura, Chile 7.Joint ALMA Observ, Alonso Cordova 3107, Santiago 7630355, Chile 8.INTA CSIC, Ctr Astrobiol CAB, Carretera Ajalvir Km 4, Madrid 28850, Spain 9.Chalmers Univ Technol, Dept Space Earth & Environm, Onsala Space Observ, S-43992 Onsala, Sweden 10.Univ Tokyo, Inst Astron, Grad Sch Sci, 2-21-1 Osawa, Tokyo, 1810015, Japan 11.Keio Univ, Fac Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2238522, Japan 12.Northwestern Univ, Ctr Interdisciplinary Explorat & Res Astron CIERA, Evanston, IL 60208 USA 13.Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA 14.Max Planck Inst Radioastron, Hugel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany 15.King Abdulaziz Univ, Fac Sci, Astron Dept, POB 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia 16.Chinese Acad Sci, Xinjiang Astron Observ, Urumqi 830011, Peoples R China 17.Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Astron, Inst Astron Geofis & Ciencias Atmosfer, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil 18.New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, 801 Leroy Pl, Socorro, NM 87801 USA 19.Natl Radio Astron Observ, POB O,1003 Lopezville Rd, Socorro, NM 87801 USA |
| Recommended Citation GB/T 7714 | Bouvier, M.,Viti, S.,Behrens, E.,et al. An ALCHEMI inspection of sulphur-bearing species towards the central molecular zone of NGC 253[J]. ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS,2024,689:A64. |
| APA | Bouvier, M..,Viti, S..,Behrens, E..,Butterworth, J..,Huang, K. -y..,...&Yan, Y. T..(2024).An ALCHEMI inspection of sulphur-bearing species towards the central molecular zone of NGC 253.ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS,689,A64. |
| MLA | Bouvier, M.,et al."An ALCHEMI inspection of sulphur-bearing species towards the central molecular zone of NGC 253".ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS 689(2024):A64. |
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| Bouvier-2024-An ALCH（3972KB） | 期刊论文 | 出版稿 | 开放获取 | CC BY-NC-SA | View Application Full Text | |
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