Neural Network Constraints on the Cosmic-Ray Ionization Rate and Other Physical Conditions in NGC 253 with ALCHEMI Measurements of HCN and HNC

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad85db

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	Neural Network Constraints on the Cosmic-Ray Ionization Rate and Other Physical Conditions in NGC 253 with ALCHEMI Measurements of HCN and HNC
	Behrens,Erica 1,2; Mangum,Jeffrey G.2; Viti,Serena 3,4,5; Holdship,Jonathan 3,5; Huang,Ko-Yun 3; Bouvier,Mathilde 3; Butterworth,Joshua 3; Eibensteiner,Cosima 2; Harada,Nanase 6,7; Martín,Sergio 8,9; Sakamoto,Kazushi 10; Muller,Sebastien 11; Tanaka,Kunihiko 12; Colzi,Laura 13; Henkel,Christian14,15 ; Meier,David S.16,17; Rivilla,Víctor M.13; van der Werf,Paul P.3; ,
	2024-11-29
Source Publication	The Astrophysical Journal
ISSN	0004-637X
Volume	977 Issue:1 Pages:38
Contribution Rank	15
Abstract	Abstract We use a neural network model and Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations of HCN and HNC to constrain the physical conditions, most notably the cosmic-ray ionization rate (CRIR, ζ), in the Central Molecular Zone (CMZ) of the starburst galaxy NGC 253. Using output from the chemical code UCLCHEM, we train a neural network model to emulate UCLCHEM and derive HCN and HNC molecular abundances from a given set of physical conditions. We combine the neural network with radiative transfer modeling to generate modeled integrated intensities, which we compare to measurements of HCN and HNC from the ALMA Large Program ALCHEMI. Using a Bayesian nested sampling framework, we constrain the CRIR, molecular gas volume and column densities, kinetic temperature, and beam-filling factor across NGC 253's CMZ. The neural network model successfully recovers UCLCHEM molecular abundances with ～3% error and, when used with our Bayesian inference algorithm, increases the parameter-inference speed tenfold. We create images of these physical parameters across NGC 253's CMZ at 50 pc resolution and find that the CRIR, in addition to the other gas parameters, is spatially variable with ζ ～ a few ×10?14 s?1 at r ? 100 pc from the nucleus, increasing to ζ > 10?13 s?1 at its center. These inferred CRIRs are consistent within 1 dex with theoretical predictions based on nonthermal emission. Additionally, the high CRIRs estimated in NGC 253's CMZ can be explained by the large number of cosmic-ray-producing sources as well as a potential suppression of cosmic-ray diffusion near their injection sites.
Corresponding Author	Behrens, Erica(eb7he@virginia.edu)
DOI	10.3847/1538-4357/ad85db
Indexed By	SCI
Language	英语
WOS Keyword	CENTRAL MOLECULAR ZONE ; SUPER STAR-CLUSTERS ; LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE ; INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM ; NONTHERMAL EMISSION ; INFRARED GALAXIES ; GAMMA-RAYS ; MILKY-WAY ; STARBURST ; GAS
Funding Project	European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union[MOPPEX 833460] ; European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union[PID2022-136814NB-I00] ; Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities/State Agency of Research[MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033] ; ERDF, UE[MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033] ; ERDF, UE[RYC2020-029387-I] ; ESF ; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientficas (CSIC)[MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033] ; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientficas (CSIC)[20225AT015] ; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientficas (CSIC)[CNS2023-144464] ; European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR ; JSPS KAKENHI[JP21K03634] ; International Max Planck Research School (IMPRS) for Astronomy and Astrophysics at the Universities of Bonn and Cologne[MOST 111-2112-M-001-039] ; Ministry of Science and Technology in Taiwan
WOS Research Area	Astronomy & Astrophysics
WOS Subject	Astronomy & Astrophysics
WOS ID	WOS:001367800700001
Publisher	The American Astronomical Society
Funding Organization	European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union ; Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities/State Agency of Research ; ERDF, UE ; ESF ; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientficas (CSIC) ; European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR ; JSPS KAKENHI ; International Max Planck Research School (IMPRS) for Astronomy and Astrophysics at the Universities of Bonn and Cologne ; Ministry of Science and Technology in Taiwan
Citation statistics	Cited Times:1[WOS] [WOS Record] [Related Records in WOS]
Document Type	期刊论文
Identifier	http://ir.xao.ac.cn/handle/45760611-7/7227
Collection	中国科学院新疆天文台射电天文研究室_恒星形成与演化研究团组
Affiliation	1.Department of Astronomy, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 400325, 530 McCormick Road, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4325, USA; eb7he@virginia.edu 2.National Radio Astronomy Observatory, 520 Edgemont Road, Charlottesville, VA 22903-2475, USA 3.Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands 4.Argelander Institut für Astronomie der Universit?t Bonn, Auf dem Hügel 71, 53121 Bonn, Germany 5.Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK 6.National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan 7.Department of Astronomy, School of Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-1855, Japan 8.European Southern Observatory, Alonso de Córdova, 3107, Vitacura, Santiago 763-0355, Chile 9.Joint ALMA Observatory, Alonso de Córdova, 3107, Vitacura, Santiago 763-0355, Chile 10.Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica, 11F of AS/NTU Astronomy-Mathematics Building, No.1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd, Taipei 10617, Taiwan 11.Department of Space, Earth and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, Onsala Space Observatory, SE-43992 Onsala, Sweden 12.Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223–8522, Japan 13.Centro de Astrobiología (CAB), CSIC-INTA, Ctra. de Ajalvir km 4, E28850, Torrejon de Ardoz, Spain 14.Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany 15.Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 830011, Urumqi, People's Republic of China 16.New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, 801 Leroy Place, Socorro, NM 87801, USA 17.National Radio Astronomy Observatory, PO Box O, 1003 Lopezville Road, Socorro, NM 87801, USA
Recommended Citation GB/T 7714	Behrens,Erica,Mangum,Jeffrey G.,Viti,Serena,et al. Neural Network Constraints on the Cosmic-Ray Ionization Rate and Other Physical Conditions in NGC 253 with ALCHEMI Measurements of HCN and HNC[J]. The Astrophysical Journal,2024,977(1):38.
APA	Behrens,Erica.,Mangum,Jeffrey G..,Viti,Serena.,Holdship,Jonathan.,Huang,Ko-Yun.,...&,.(2024).Neural Network Constraints on the Cosmic-Ray Ionization Rate and Other Physical Conditions in NGC 253 with ALCHEMI Measurements of HCN and HNC.The Astrophysical Journal,977(1),38.
MLA	Behrens,Erica,et al."Neural Network Constraints on the Cosmic-Ray Ionization Rate and Other Physical Conditions in NGC 253 with ALCHEMI Measurements of HCN and HNC".The Astrophysical Journal 977.1(2024):38.

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