Science objectives of the Einstein Probe mission

doi:10.1007/s11433-024-2600-3

	Science objectives of the Einstein Probe mission
	Yuan, Weimin 1,2; Dai, Lixin 3; Feng, Hua 4; Jin, Chichuan 1,2; Jonker, Peter 5,6; Kuulkers, Erik 7; Liu, Yuan 1; Nandra, Kirpal 8; O'Brien, Paul 9; Piro, Luigi 10; Rau, Arne 8; Rea, Nanda 11,12; Sanders, Jeremy 8; Tao, Lian 4; Wang, Junfeng 13; Wu, Xuefeng 14,15; Zhang, Bing 16,17; Zhang, Shuangnan 2,4; Ai, Shunke 18; Buchner, Johannes 8; Bulbul, Esra 8; Chen, Hechao 19; Chen, Minghua 2,20; Chen, Yong4 ; Chen, Yu-Peng 4; Coleiro, Alexis 21; Zelati, Francesco Coti 11,12; Dai, Zigao 22; Fan, Xilong 18; Fan, Zhou 1,2; Friedrich, Susanne 8; Gao, He 23,24; Ge, Chong 13; Ge, Mingyu 4; Geng, Jinjun 14; Ghirlanda, Giancarlo 25,26; Gianfagna, Giulia 10,27; Gou, Lijun 1,2; Guillot, Sebastien 28; Hou, Xian 29,30; Hu, Jingwei 1; Huang, Yongfeng 31,32; Ji, Long 33; Jia, Shumei 2,4; Komossa, S.34; Kong, Albert K. H.35; Lan, Lin 1; Li, An 23,24; Li, Ang 13; Li, Chengkui 4; Li, Dongyue 1; Li, Jian15,22 ; Li, Zhaosheng 36; Ling, Zhixing 1,2; Liu, Ang 8; Liu, Jinzhong2,20 ; Liu, Liangduan 37,38; Liu, Zhu 8; Luo, Jiawei 39,40; Ma, Ruican 2,4; Maggi, Pierre 41; Maitra, Chandreyee 8; Marino, Alessio 11,12; Ng, Stephen Chi-Yung 3; Pan, Haiwu 1; Rukdee, Surangkhana 8; Soria, Roberto 2,42,43; Sun, Hui 1; Tam, Pak-Hin Thomas 33; Thakur, Aishwarya Linesh 10; Tian, Hui 44; Troja, Eleonora 10,45; Wang, Wei 18; Wang, Xiangyu 31; Wang, Yanan1 ; Wei, Junjie 14,15; Wen, Sixiang 1; Wu, Jianfeng 13; Wu, Ting 20; Xiao, Di 14,15; Xu, Dong 1; Xu, Renxin 46,47,48; Xu, Yanjun 4; Xu, Yu 44; Yang, Haonan 1,2; You, Bei 18; Yu, Heng 24; Yu, Yunwei 37,38; Zhang, Binbin 14,31,32; Zhang, Chen 1,2; Zhang, Guobao 29,30; Zhang, Liang 4; Zhang, Wenda 1; Zhang, Yu2,20 ; Zhou, Ping 31; Zou, Zecheng 31,32
	2025-03-01
Source Publication	SCIENCE CHINA-PHYSICS MECHANICS & ASTRONOMY
ISSN	1674-7348
Volume	68 Issue:3 Pages:239501
Contribution Rank	20
Abstract	The Einstein Probe (EP) is an interdisciplinary mission of time-domain and X-ray astronomy. Equipped with a wide-field lobster-eye X-ray focusing imager, EP will discover cosmic X-ray transients and monitor the X-ray variability of known sources in 0.5-4 keV, at a combination of detecting sensitivity and cadence that is not accessible to the previous and current wide-field monitoring missions. EP can perform quick characterisation of transients or outbursts with a Wolter-I X-ray telescope onboard. In this paper, the science objectives of the EP mission are presented. EP is expected to enlarge the sample of previously known or predicted but rare types of transients with a wide range of timescales. Among them, fast extragalactic transients will be surveyed systematically in soft X-rays, which include gamma-ray bursts and their variants, supernova shock breakouts, and the predicted X-ray transients associated with binary neutron star mergers. EP will detect X-ray tidal disruption events and outbursts from active galactic nuclei, possibly at an early phase of the flares for some. EP will monitor the variability and outbursts of X-rays from white dwarfs, neutron stars and black holes in our and neighbouring galaxies at flux levels fainter than those detectable by the current instruments, and is expected to discover new objects. A large sample of stellar X-ray flares will also be detected and characterised. In the era of multi-messenger astronomy, EP has the potential of detecting the possible X-ray counterparts of gravitational wave events, neutrino sources, and ultra-high energy gamma-ray and cosmic ray sources. EP is expected to help advance the studies of extreme objects and phenomena revealed in the dynamic X-ray universe, and their underlying physical processes. Besides EP's strength in time-domain science, its follow-up telescope, with excellent performance, will also enable advances in many areas of X-ray astronomy.
Keyword	Einstein Probe X-ray astronomy X-ray telescopes time-domain astronomy transients variability
DOI	10.1007/s11433-024-2600-3
Indexed By	SCI
Language	英语
WOS Keyword	GAMMA-RAY BURSTS ; TIDAL DISRUPTION EVENTS ; QUASI-PERIODIC ERUPTIONS ; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI ; SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLE ; BLUE OPTICAL TRANSIENT ; CORONAL MASS EJECTION ; CHANGING-LOOK AGN ; EQUATORIAL-DEPTH SURVEY ; HIGH-ENERGY NEUTRINO
Funding Project	Strategic Priority Program on Space Science of Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Strategic Priority Program on Space Science of Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Strategic Priority Program on Space Science of Chinese Academy of Sciences ; ESA ; ESA ; ESA ; MPE ; MPE ; MPE ; CNES[XDA15310000] ; CNES[XDA15052100] ; CNES ; CNES ; National Natural Science Foundation of China[61234003] ; National Natural Science Foundation of China[61434004] ; National Natural Science Foundation of China[61504141] ; National Natural Science Foundation of China ; National Natural Science Foundation of China ; CAS Interdisciplinary Project[KJZD-EW-L11-04] ; CAS Interdisciplinary Project ; CAS Interdisciplinary Project
WOS Research Area	Physics
WOS Subject	Physics, Multidisciplinary
WOS ID	WOS:001407830200001
Publisher	SCIENCE PRESS
Funding Organization	Strategic Priority Program on Space Science of Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Strategic Priority Program on Space Science of Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Strategic Priority Program on Space Science of Chinese Academy of Sciences ; ESA ; ESA ; ESA ; MPE ; MPE ; MPE ; CNES ; CNES ; CNES ; National Natural Science Foundation of China ; National Natural Science Foundation of China ; National Natural Science Foundation of China ; CAS Interdisciplinary Project ; CAS Interdisciplinary Project ; CAS Interdisciplinary Project
Citation statistics	Cited Times:4[WOS] [WOS Record] [Related Records in WOS]
Document Type	期刊论文
Identifier	http://ir.xao.ac.cn/handle/45760611-7/7423
Collection	光学天文与技术应用研究室_变星研究团组光学天文与技术应用研究室_星团与星系研究团组
Corresponding Author	Yuan, Weimin
Affiliation	1.Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Astron Observ, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China 2.Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Sch Astron & Space Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China 3.Univ Hong Kong, Dept Phys, Pokfulam Rd, Hong Kong 999077, Peoples R China 4.Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Particle Astrophys, Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China 5.Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Dept Astrophys, IMAPP, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands 6.SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, NL-2333 CA Leiden, Netherlands 7.ESA ESTEC, NL-2201 AZ Noordwijk, Netherlands 8.Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany 9.Univ Leicester, Sch Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, England 10.INAF Ist Astrofis & Planetol Spaziali, I-00133 Rome, Italy 11.CSIC, Inst Space Sci ICE, Campus UAB, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain 12.Inst Estudis Espacials Catalunya IEEC, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain 13.Xiamen Univ, Dept Astron, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China 14.Chinese Acad Sci, Purple Mt Observ, Nanjing 210023, Peoples R China 15.Univ Sci & Technol China, Sch Astron & Space Sci, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China 16.Univ Nevada, Nevada Ctr Astrophys, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA 17.Univ Nevada, Dept Phys & Astron, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA 18.Wuhan Univ, Sch Phys & Technol, Dept Astron, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China 19.Yunnan Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Kunming 650500, Peoples R China 20.Chinese Acad Sci, Xinjiang Astron Observ, Urumqi 830011, Peoples R China 21.Univ Paris Cite, CNRS, AstroParticule & Cosmol, F-75013 Paris, France 22.Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Astron, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China 23.Beijing Normal Univ, Inst Frontier Astron & Astrophys, Beijing 102206, Peoples R China 24.Beijing Normal Univ, Dept Astron, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China 25.INAF Osservatorio Astron Brera, I-23807 Merate, LC, Italy 26.INFN Sez Milano Bicocca, I-20126 Milan, MI, Italy 27.Univ Roma Tre, Dipartimento Fis, I-00146 Rome, Italy 28.CNES, Inst Rech Astrophys & Planetol, UPS OMP, CNRS, F-31028 Toulouse, France 29.Chinese Acad Sci, Yunnan Observ, Kunming 650216, Peoples R China 30.Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Struct & Evolut Celestial Objects, Kunming 650216, Peoples R China 31.Nanjing Univ, Sch Astron & Space Sci, Nanjing 210023, Peoples R China 32.Nanjing Univ, Key Lab Modern Astron & Astrophys, Minist Educ, Nanjing 210023, Peoples R China 33.Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Zhuhai 519082, Peoples R China 34.Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany 35.Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan 36.Xiangtan Univ, Key Lab Stars & Interstellar Medium, Xiangtan 411105, Peoples R China 37.Cent China Normal Univ, Inst Astrophys, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China 38.Cent China Normal Univ, Key Lab Quark & Lepton Phys, Minist Educ, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China 39.Hebei Normal Univ, Coll Phys, Shijiazhuang 050024, Peoples R China 40.Hebei Normal Univ, Hebei Key Lab Photophys Res & Applicat, Shijiazhuang 050024, Peoples R China 41.Univ Strasbourg, Observ Astron Strasbourg, CNRS UMR7550, F-67000 Strasbourg, France 42.INAF Osservatorio Astrofis Torino, I-10025 Pino Torinese, Italy 43.Univ Sydney, Sydney Inst Astron, Sch Phys A28, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia 44.Peking Univ, Sch Earth & Space Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China 45.Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dept Phys, I-00133 Rome, Italy 46.Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China 47.Peking Univ, State Key Lab Nucl Phys & Technol, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China 48.Peking Univ, Kavli Inst Astron & Astrophys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China
Recommended Citation GB/T 7714	Yuan, Weimin,Dai, Lixin,Feng, Hua,et al. Science objectives of the Einstein Probe mission[J]. SCIENCE CHINA-PHYSICS MECHANICS & ASTRONOMY,2025,68(3):239501.
APA	Yuan, Weimin.,Dai, Lixin.,Feng, Hua.,Jin, Chichuan.,Jonker, Peter.,...&Zou, Zecheng.(2025).Science objectives of the Einstein Probe mission.SCIENCE CHINA-PHYSICS MECHANICS & ASTRONOMY,68(3),239501.
MLA	Yuan, Weimin,et al."Science objectives of the Einstein Probe mission".SCIENCE CHINA-PHYSICS MECHANICS & ASTRONOMY 68.3(2025):239501.

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