射电天文研究室知识库

新疆奇台拟建的110m全可动射电望远镜(QiTai Radio Telescope,QTT),在引力波探测、黑洞发现、恒星形成、星系起源等基础科学研究领域将发挥重要作用,并可发展应用于深空探测,如探月工程与火星和金星探测.满足众多科学需求需装备超宽带、多波束、高灵敏度接收机系统,而大口径射电望远镜接收机技术面临众多挑战.本文论述了国内外射电天文领域大口径射电望远镜接收机技术发展,包含超宽带馈源/极化器、超宽带低噪声放大器、多波束接收机技术的发展与现状,分析了接收机研制过程中的难点与挑战.基于QTT科学目标和技术进展,给出了初期的接收机系统配置方案,分析了接收机的馈电形式、关键器件研制与选型、关键问题与难点.

Xinjiang 110 m radio telescope (QiTai Telescope, QTT) will play an important role in the field of fundamental science, such as gravitational wave detection, black holes, star formation and galaxy origin, and also be applied to deep space explorations, for example, Lunar Exploration Program and Exploration of Mars and Venus. However, many ultra-wideband, multi-beam receivers will be applied for various science goals of QTT, and we will be faced with numerous significant challenges. In this paper, we have presented the technical progress of ultra-wideband receiver for large aperture telescope, including the ultra-wideband feeds/Ortho-Mode Transducer (OMT), Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) and multi-beam receiver. Meanwhile, key techniques and challenges were analyzed for receiver research and fabrication. Based on the science requirements and the technique development, we have proposed the preliminary scheme for QTT receiver system, and discussed about the feed forms, primary devices research and key coming difficulties and challenges.